So much to do, So little time to do it

I often feel this way as I plan my research methods class and think about activities to assign. Of course, I’ve sort of created the problem in Investigating the Social World by including far more exercises and other activities for students than they can do (or than I could review) within just one semester.  There are seven sets of exercises/activities at the end of each chapter, three special activity-oriented highlights in each chapter (Research That Matters, Questions That Count; Research in the News; Careers and Research), and eight different sets of activities on the Student Study Site for each chapter.

From the standpoint of a text author, it makes a great deal of sense to provide all these options, because different colleagues at different colleges and universities will have different preferences and confront different constraints.  But from the standpoint of an instructor, I find all the exercises and other activities to be so interesting that I struggle to force myself not to assign too much.

Here are some instructional alternatives for you to consider:

If you prefer to lecture and put on an engaging show for students, work the study site videos into your lectures as well as the entries on my blog site that develop “research in the news” points about research.  (Go to the home page, at https://investigatingthesocialworld.com/). At the end of each week, or whenever you finish a chapter, review the chapter highlights and key terms and then have students take the online quiz for that chapter.  You can direct students to the chapter highlights and pertinent chapter sections to review material that they misunderstood.

If you prefer to encourage student discussion–whether everyday or on preannounced days–then you will want to encourage students to come to class prepared to discuss the “discussion questions” at the end of each chapter, as well as the questions at the end of the Research That Matters, Questions That Count vignettes and at the end of the Research in the News vignettes.  As they discuss these questions, point students to the text material that they should be considering as they develop their answers.

If you prefer to develop students’ skills in quantitative data analysis, assign the SPSS exercises at the end of every chapter.  You can demonstrate the required steps in class; if students are working in a computer lab, you can discuss their work as they complete it.  If students carry out the analyses on their own, choose one student each week to present their results to the class.

Or let the students decide.  Different students will have different learning preferences, so consider letting them choose their own approach.  Have students choose to be a “talker”–they prepare answers to discussion questions; a “doer”–they work on practice exercises; a “listener”–they review the video interviews; an “ethicist”–they answer the ethics questions; a “grantsperson”–they carry out the proposal development steps.  You can have students take different roles in different chapters and give presentations in class.  Or you can have students choose a role for the semester and write a final paper that reviews what they have learned from taking this standpoint.

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Crossing the Political Line?

In the Big Data world, a small experiment can have a big impact.  Stanford University political scientists Adam Bonica and Jonathan Rodden, and Dartmouth’s Kyle Dropp designed a Big Data experiment to test whether information on the ideological preferences of judicial candidates would influence voter turnout in nonpartisan judicial elections.  With funding from the Hewlett Foundation and Stanford University, the researchers designed a “Voter Information Guide” that was sent to 100,000 registered voters in Montana about two state Supreme Court elections.  The mailer ranked the ideological leanings of the four judicial candidates on a liberal-conservative continuum and it included a state seal.

Politicians and state officials were upset, and there are New York Times reporter Derek Willis found “concerns that the blowback might hamper field research for political science.”

Should this research have been allowed?  You can read more about it in the October 30, 2014 New York Times article:

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Race in Mexico

Slavery was abolished in Mexico in 1829, long before abolition in the United States during the Civil War.  Since then, race has often been overlooked as a basis of social differentiation in Mexico and it has not been measured with questions in the modern Mexican census.  But concerns about disadvantage associated with African ancestry have persisted and questions about race are finally being tested for inclusion in a national survey in 2015 and possible in the 2020 Mexican census.

As I conclude in chapter 4 (p. 113), “the conception and operationalization, then, varies with place.”  As in the U.S., we can see that it also changes over time.

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Political Polling by Microsoft?

When Microsoft talks, the market listens.  But what about when Cortana calls you on your cellphone to ask you some questions in a survey?  Will you listen?  “Cortana” is the name Microsoft has given to a new digital assistant it is creating that will make automated calls or appear in web browsers to conduct political and other polls. It’s a creative attempt to use cellphones and the internet to improve survey research, even as survey researchers are watching response rates decline dramatically in traditional phone surveys.

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Still Lying With Statistics?

Sixty years after the publication of Darrell Huff’s 1954 classic, How to Lie With Statistics, it might seem that no one could imagine getting away with any such skullduggery any more.  But wait…there must be something causing the dramatic recent increase in reports of rodents in Boston.  The Boston Globe’s Heather Hopp-Bruce has shown that you can show clearly on a graph that the cause of the rodent explosion is the development of a gambling industry in Boston!  Or just as clearly that it was the result of graffiti artists.

You can read “what is really going on” in the full article, at

http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/10/25/hoppbruce/T4uVyFVsH7BJf463nPOanK/story.html

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Privacy? Are We Losing It?

Privacy is precious for many reasons, but it is rapidly being lost in online interaction.  Houston journalist Kate Murphy points out in a New York Times article that research shows that privacy is associated with higher self-esteem and creativity, as well as more satisfaction.  Yet we are rapidly giving up privacy as we browse the web, purchase goods online, and use social media.  Should we be concerned?  Are you?

Of course the very habits that are reducing privacy are also generating huge quantities of data that can be used by those who have access to the resulting Big Data for analyses of social behavior.  Is this OK if it results in advertisements tailored to our interests popping up in our browsers?  Is there something to be gained for society if social scientists can use the Big Data created by our revealing online interactions to understand society better?

You can read Kate Murphy’s analysis of the issues at:

You can read about one of the researchers on privacy cited by Murphy at the website of Professor Sabine Trepte, at the University of Hohenheim in Stuttgart:

https://medienpsychologie.uni-hohenheim.de/97440?L=1

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A new social world in the 21st century?

A recent Boston Globe article on “online personas” was motivated by a tragic case of child neglect in Blackstone, Massachusetts.  A woman who was ostensibly living with two school aged children and their father in a small home, while maintaining a cheery online presence, with “cheerful pictures on Facebook of her cooking and updates about her two older children.”  But there also in her home were three hidden bodies of dead infants and two other children who were kept inside and “who appeared to be severely neglected. The interior is discovered to be in a ‘state of squalor, with garbage, debris, and dirty diapers stacked over a foot high in places, and an out of control rodent and pest infestation,’ police said.” (August 28, 2014, Boston Globe, “Police Arrive After Neighbor Discovers Children”),

People have always tried to manage their images in the social world.  Do social media allow us to take this impression management to a whole new level?  What are the consequences for our everyday lives?  What does this mean for the research methods we use to study the social world?

In a recent survey, social psychologist Ethan Kross found that young people who spent more time on Facebook felt less good about their own lives.  He concluded that the problem was that the rosy self-portraits they saw on Facebook made users feel deficient by comparison.  See http://home.isr.umich.edu/isrinnews/ethan-kross-2/.

So when we investigate the social world, it’s a good idea to inquire about our participants’ online social worlds as well as their face-to-face contacts.  We also can use postings to social media sites as another source of data about the social world.

You can read the Globe story at: http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/style/2014/09/29/our-facebook-profiles-create-people-want-ideal-versions-ourselves/rM1vIs9JB2e3OYkKSvGwUM/story.html.

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Domestic Violence

It can be hard to grasp the extent of domestic violence.  The latest Bureau of Justice Statistics report estimated that domestic violence accounted for 21% of all violent crime in the U.S. from 2003–12.

You can read more about it at:  http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=4984

But how can the prevalence of domestic violence be lessened?  The Police Foundation has continued to fund research to answer this question since the Minneapolis experiment described in chapter.  You can read about some of the latest research (and about the earlier studies) at: http://www.policefoundation.org/content/domestic-violence-victims.

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Big Data is Hard Work

Although a Google Ngram like that in Chapter 14 (Exhibit 14.11) provides a quick way to discover the potential for Big Data, getting all that data ready for analysis involves a lot of hard work behind the scenes.  Research conducted for a recent New York Times article estimates that this “janitor work” takes between 50% and 80% of the time of the data scientists who work with Big Data.

As with every form of social science data, good quality datasets don’t just “happen”!

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Internet and Society

Lee Rainie and the Pew Research Center Internet Project add regularly to our knowledge about the ways that the Internet is changing our social world.  There are many examples in Chapter 1 of Investigating of their findings.  Now, Rainie and his colleagues have been studying how experts expect the Internet to shape society in the next decades.  You can review the highlights of this research in the attached set of slides.

Do these forecasts make sense to you?  Do some of them?  What research can you envision in the future to determine whether these changes have occurred?

rainie pew futures study

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